The page you grabbed this quote from, is about creating index time fields. Above this quote, there is a section ("Where to put the configuration changes in a distributed environment") that in order to successfully create an index time extracted field, there are changes that need to be done on a Search Head, while others need to be done on the Search Peers (indexers, or heavy forwarders depending on your architecture). For many people (with small environments, or just using the Free license), these Splunk instances are actually one in the same, but as you scale up Splunk, they start to live on separate machines (and clusters of separate machines).
If you make a change to your forwarder, usually you'll only need to restart your forwarder. Sometimes there are cases for something to work as you expect it however you'll need to make changes to multiple Splunk instances and restart all of them.
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