Hi Lisaac,
For number 2, Fluentd offers a great alternative to HEC as it allows you to bifurcate/copy/process/transform/parse the data at the node level and then send to the specific data store you need. For example, you can take all warning, error, critical priority Syslog messages and send those to Splunk while sending the lower priority + warning, error, criticial messages to HDFS, Amazon S3, etc. This allows you to reduce the volume that hits the Splunk indexers.
Additionally, Fluentd offers an enterprise version that offers SLA based support for each of the outputs you mentioned (Splunk Enterprise, HDFS, Kafka, Amazin S3) - if you are interested email me at a@treasuredata dot com. More information can be found at https://fluentd.treasuredata.com
Thanks,
Anurag
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