I'll just reply to myself here: The issue was that the hostname for some reason doesn't resolve properly in the inputs.conf file. It is supposed to automatically insert the actual hostname, but it doesn't. I created the file "$SPLUNK_HOME/etc/system/default/inputs.conf" (as it didn't exist yet) and entered the following lines (replace [HOSTNAME] with the name of your host system running Splunk): [default]
host = [HOSTNAME] This should override the default configuration in "$SPLUNK_HOME/etc/system/local/inputs.conf". Afterwards, everything worked correctly
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