In the default search UI, as long as you hit return in the searchbar, or you click the green button, or you change the timerange, it will definitely submit a new search.
In fact unless you explicitly save the results (actions > save results, or 'get link to results'), it will explicitly cancel and destroy the previous search right before submitting the new one.
If that doesnt give you a 100% feeling, I can just attest that no, there's no mechanism for any kind of "cleverness". Submit the search and you get a new search running in splunkd.
If you're ever curious you can use 'get link to results' to see the search Ids, or you can watch the parade of search ids in the Jobs page as you do all this. Open up 'Jobs' in the upper right and then periodically refresh it while you run different searches.
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