It depends on what you are editing in props.conf. If there is anything that has to do with linebreaking, timestamping etc that happen at index time, you need to restart the splunkd service.
If it is settings regarding search time eventtype definitions or field extractions a | extract reload=t should work fine.
However, it must be the first and only thing entered in the search box. So the search starts with a pipe.
As for the permissions, it will depend on how you installed it. Unfortunately it is not as easily understood as in *nix
Hope this helps,
Kristian
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