The impact would be that the dispatch directory(/opt/splunk/var/run/splunk/dispatch) which stores this results set will get filled. Search head bundle will not have this result set.
It define the lifespan of triggered Alert basically how long you can access the result of triggered alert.
Please refer this documenthttps://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/8.0.1/Alert/Updatealerts
for better understanding.
Let's say we have an alert scheduled to run every five minutes, producing large result-sets and Expires of the alert is set to 24 hours. What's the impact on the system? Do the result-sets live in the search head bundle?