Yes, the on-prem search heads will be able to send queries to the AWS indexers. Whether those queries are successful or not is another question the answer to which depends on how the indexers are configured. Are they in a cluster? What are the replication factor and search factor settings? An indexer cluster with fully replicated and searchable data will be able to respond to search requests even if some peers are down. The likelihood of the cluster being fully searchable goes down with each lost indexers. If the indexers go down in rapid succession then it's possible (depending on the configuration) for some data to be unreachable. In that case, the search requests will return incomplete results.
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