From http://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/latest/Deploy/Aboutdeploymentserver
Communication between deployment
server and clients The deployment
client periodically polls the
deployment server, identifying itself.
The deployment server then reviews the
information in its configuration to
find out if there is something new or
updated to push out to that particular
client. If there is new content to
deploy to a given deployment client,
the deployment server tells the client
exactly what it should retrieve. The
deployment client then retrieves the
new content and treats it according to
the instructions specified for the
server class it belongs to--maybe it
should restart, run a script, or just
wait until someone tells it to do
something else.
As far as the "splunk restart" vs "splunk reload deploy-server" is concerned, running the first restarts the whole agent, meaning if you run the web interface, it will also shut down, running just the latter will only reload the deployment configurations.
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