It is impossible to figure out what the carbon footprint will be just based on the software you are using, how much electricity the process uses depends on the CPU, the disks, the power supplies (and all the other components) in the server where Splunk is installed. But here is a way to figure it out.
First, find out what the baseline electricity use of the Splunk server is over a given period of time (maybe 24 hours?) without running the processes you want to know the carbon footprint for.
Then run the processes for which you want to know what the carbon footprint is for the same period as you ran the Splunk server to discover the baseline use was. Again, measure the amount of electricity used during the measuring period.
Subtract the value you just measured from the baseline. If there is little difference, make the measuring period longer.
Find out how much carbon dioxide is produced per kWh by your electricity supplier. If your supplier has a lot of nasty old coal-fired power plants, the number is going to be high. If the supplier sources their electricity from lots of wind turbines, the number os going to be lower.
Now do the maths.
Lets assume that you find that the server uses 5 Wh of electricity more over a 24 hour period and that the carbon footprint of your supplier is 500 gram/kWh, the calculation would look something like this:
0.005 kWh * 365 days * 0.5 kg co2 = 0.9125 kg. That would be the carbon footprint for the process.
However, how precise should this number be? Is the Splunk data stored in a SAN? If it is, maybe you should also find out how much extra electricity the SAN is using. Is the Splunk server a single instance or in a cluster? What about the database the data is being pulled from? What about the electricity used to send data from the Splunk server to the user when they access it? Now you are involving switches, maybe also routers and firewalls. Is the server in Seattle and the user in New York? How much electricity do the ISPs use to get the data from your data center to the user?
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